A basic electromagnetic generator works by using the mechanical energy of different sources to move a magnet next to certain types of metal.
This produces an electric current flow thanks to Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction.
In the case of a portable generator with an engine, this mechanical energy is generated by combusting fuel.
An exception to this process is a solar panel generator. Equipment like this generates electricity through different principles.
How does a generator work step by step?
Here is how a typical electricity generator works in a simple step by step process:
- Some type of external force moves a magnet close to certain types of metal like copper or aluminum (or moves the metal instead). In the case of a portable gasoline generator, this external force will come from combusting the gas in the engine. In a wind turbine, the wind moves the magnet or metal.
- The moving magnet or metal produces electricity in the metal thanks to Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction.
- The generator channels the electric current to an outlet or battery so you can use the power.
These physics steps apply to most types of generators including combustion engines, nuclear power, wind turbines, etc.
One exception is solar generators. Their solar panels work with different principles to produce electricity.
Additionally, something like an inverter generator adds extra steps after generating electricity to make sure the THD levels are usable for the sensitive electronics in your RV or house.
How does a generator work for a house?
A portable or backup generator for a house works by using the force of fuel combustion to make a magnet and metal move past each other.
This generates the electricity that keeps the lights on and your food fresh.
It is worth noting that solar panel generators work on different principles.
Additionally, after your generator converts force into electricity, there are still steps before your appliances and tools can function.
How does a generator connect to your house?
A generator connects to your house through either power cords to individual appliances or through an exterior inlet box connected to a circuit panel using a transfer switch.
Using power cords is less optimal in the sense that you have to keep a window or door open to run the power cord through.
On the flip side, power cords require less preparation to set up.
An exterior inlet box connected to a circuit panel using a transfer switch allows you to power your house.
You still need to consider the generator wattage limitations.
However, a transfer switch involves less of a hassle with extension cords.
On the flip side, you do need a professional to install the exterior inlet box and transfer switch. This requires more preparation and investment.
How does a generator start when the power goes out?
A standby generator typically starts when the power goes out by triggering a battery start when there is no power coming in from the utility.
In some sense, this process still involves battery-stored electricity to get your standby generator started.
Portable generators generally don’t have an automatic start built-in.
That means you yourself start a portable generator manually without electricity, with an electric start, or with a remote start during a power outage.
